---

title: code

clause atom relation

This feature is present on objects of type clause_atom.

Note

This is a complex definition. The present text is derived from Constantijn's description of the QUEST II Database format. The definition needs review.

See the hint at the end to see how you could use this feature.

Clause atom relation is denoted by a code of 1, 2, or 3 digits.

range	group
0	No relation
10 - 16	Relative clause atoms
50 – 74	Infinitive construct clause atoms
100 – 167	Asyndetic clause atoms
200 - 201	Parallel clause atoms
220 - 223	Defective clause atoms
300 - 367	Conjunctive adverbs
400 - 487	Coordinate clause atoms
500 - 567	Postulational clause atoms
600 - 667	Conditional clause atoms
700 - 767	Temporal clause atoms
800 - 867	Final clause atoms
900 - 967	Causal clause atoms
999	Direct speech

These classes are of a distributional, not functional, nature. They group lexemes which are hypothesised to share one or more functional aspects into tentative sets, so that the resulting clause atom relations codes constitute a useful collection of data for further research.

See for example Gino Kalkman's analysis of syntax in the poetry of the Psalms

Note

The notions distributional and functional should be explained somewhere, on a separate page. The meaning of this sentence is difficult to follow. Which are the tentative sets of lexemes, which are the resulting clause atom relations? What is the useful collection of data? An example of research should be given or referred to. The reference to Gino's work could be more pin-pointed.

No relation

0

The value 0 and a dist of 0 clause atoms to its mother mark a clause atom as the root of the tree of clause atom relations.

Note

Is the value of 0 sufficient? Can it occur that the value is 0 and the distance not? If not, the distance of 0 is not an extra condition, but an additional phenomenon. The definition should then say something like: (and in that case the dist is also 0). In order to understand this all, there should be an explanation of the intended model of clause atom relations. Is it a tree? How is it built up? Maybe a separate page.

See also

• tab.

Examples please.

Relative clause atoms

10 .. 16

Clause atoms whose opening phrase (first phrase?) has typ CP (conjunctive phrase) and function Rela (relative). The second digit denotes the tense of the verbal predicate of the daughter clause:

Tenses

code	description	remarks
0	none
1	imperfect
2	perfect
3	imperative
4	infinitive construct
5	infinitive absolute
6	participle	(active and passive)
7	wayyiqtol
8	weyiqtol	!

Note

The ! appears where the QUEST documentation has a cross mark. I do not know why these values have been marked.

Infinitive construct clause atoms

50– 74 Clause atoms of which the verbal predicate is an infinitive construct. If you subtract 50, the remaining number denotes the class of the preposition used in the construction:

code	description	remarks
0	none
1	>XR/
2	>L
3	>YL/	!
4	>T
5	B, BMW
6	BJN/	!
7	BL<DJ	!
8	not used
9	B<D/	!
10	ZWLH/	!
11	J<N/
12	K, KMW
13	not used
14	L, LMW
15	LM<N
16	not used
17	MN
18	not used
19	not used
20	<D
21	<L
22	<M
23	not used
24	TXT/

Note

The ! appears where the QUEST documentation has a cross mark. I do not know why these values have been marked.

Asyndetic clause atoms

100 – 167

Construction without a conjunction. The second and third digit denote the tense of the verbal predicate of the daughter and mother clause, respectively. See the tense table.

See also

• mother.

Parallel clause atoms

200 - 201

Two clause atoms are parallel if they concur in subject presence and have equivalent phrases up to the predicate, provided that the daughter is not subordinated.

See also

• mother.

If either predicate is absent, the clause atoms must be of the same clause atom type (typ).

code	description
200	Identical clause atom opening.
201	Identical clause atom opening when disregarding the coordinating conjunction(s).

Defective clause atoms

220 - 223

A clause atom is defective if there is another clause atom which contains the predicate (or the main part) of the clause.

code	description
220	No verbal predicate in mother or daughter
221	Unclassified clause atom relation
222	Verbal predicate in daughter clause atom
223	Verbal predicate in mother clause atom.

See also

• mother.

Conjunctive adverbs

300 - 367

Asyndetic construction, but with a conjunctive adverb. The second and third digit denote the tense of the verbal predicate of the daughter and mother clause, respectively. See the tense table.

See also

• mother.

Coordinate clause atoms

400 - 487

Construction with a conjunction from class 400, the coordinating conjunctions: The second and third digit denote the tense of the verbal predicate of the daughter and mother clause, respectively. See the tense table.

See also

• mother.

code	description	examples
400	coordinating	>W, W
500	postulational	>CR, DJ, H, ZW, KJ, C
600	conditional	>LW, >M, HN, LHN=, LW, LWL>
800	final	PN

The conjunction class is determined by the conjunction opening conjunction phrase.

Note

Too terse: "the conjunction opening conjunction phrase". Expand or give an example.

code 800 also occurs in the table of Temporal clause atoms

Postulational clause atoms

500 - 567

Construction with a conjunction from class 500, the postulational conjunctions: The second and third digit denote the tense of the verbal predicate of the daughter and mother clause, respectively. See the tense table.

See also

• mother.

Conditional clause atoms

600 - 667

Construction with a conjunction from class 600, the conditional conjunctions: The second and third digit denote the tense of the verbal predicate of the daughter and mother clause, respectively. See the tense table.

See also

• mother.

Temporal clause atoms

700 - 767

Construction with a conjunction from class 700, the conditional conjunctions: The second and third digit denote the tense of the verbal predicate of the daughter and mother clause, respectively. See the tense table.

See also

• mother.

code	examples
700	>XR/, >L, B, BMW, VRM/, K, KMW, L, LMW, <D
800	BLT/, ZWLH/, LM<N, MN
900	J<N/, <L, <QB/

This preposition class is determined by the preposition that heads the clause opening conjunction phrase.

Note

Too terse: "that heads the clause opening conjunction phrase". Expand or give an example.

code 800 also occurs in the table of Conjunction classes of clause atom opening

Final clause atoms

800 - 867

Construction with a conjunction from class 800, the final conjunctions: The second and third digit denote the tense of the verbal predicate of the daughter and mother clause, respectively. See the tense table.

See also

• mother.

Causal clause atoms

900 - 967

Construction with a conjunction from class 900, the causal conjunctions: The second and third digit denote the tense of the verbal predicate of the daughter and mother clause, respectively. See the tense table.

See also

• mother.

Direct speech

999

The clause atom in question starts a direct speech section.

A section of direct speech is usually introduced by a clause atom with a verbum dicendi. In this case, the direct speech section depends on the introductory clause atom in terms of clause atom relations. The daughter clause atom (the main clause atom of the direct speech section) carries the instruction q and has a relation 999 with its mother, the introductory clause atom.

But there are other cases, in which the the direct speech section is not introduced at all (Isaiah 14:16) or in which it is declared by an embedded clause atom (Malachi 3:17). In such cases, the main clause atom of the direct speech section still carries the instruction q, but no longer has a relation 999 with its mother. If there is a declarative clause atom, it will have a relation 999 with its mother, which is not necessarily the main clause atom of the direct speech section, as an example like Malachi 3:17 shows.

In all cases, the instruction q means the start of a clause atom hierarchy of direct speech. In view of the above, however, we can no longer maintain a direct coupling between q and relation 999. We propose to extend the interpretation of relation 999 as follows. The meaning of relation 999 is that of a declaration of direct speech. Either before the facts, if the daughter starts the direct speech, or after the facts, if the daughter has the verbum dicendi. In case of the latter, the daughter carries the instruction '#' for a new embedded paragraph, but pops the Q from the Text Type.

See also

• mother.

Note

Is the "daughter" clause the object in question?

What if a direct speech clause also fits the pattern of one of the other cases?

Hint

Here is a public MQL query by Martijn Naaijer that detects chunks of direct speech. It uses the combined information carried by the code feature and the txt feature. View the query on SHEBANQ.